phase
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A phase is a portion of a substance where all the properties—like temperature, density, and chemical makeup—are essentially the same throughout, and it's often physically separate from other parts of the material. Understanding phases matters because it helps us predict how substances behave and change, such as when water turns to ice or steam, and how different materials interact with each other.
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In the physical sciences, a phase is a region of material that is chemically uniform, physically distinct, and (often) mechanically separable. In a system consisting of ice and water in a glass jar, the ice cubes are one phase, the water is a second phase, and the humid air is a third phase over the ice and water. The glass of the jar is a different material, in its own separate phase. (See state of matter § Glass.)
More precisely, a phase is a region of space (a thermodynamic system), throughout which all physical properties of a material are essentially uniform. Examples of physical properties include density, index of refraction, magnetization and chemical composition.