People

Aristotle (; 384–322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and polymath. His writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology, and the arts. As the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy in the Lyceum in Athens, he began the wider Aristotelian tradition that followed, which set the groundwork for the development of modern science.

Confucius (), born Kong Qiu, was a Chinese philosopher of the Spring and Autumn period who is traditionally considered the paragon of Chinese sages. Much of the shared cultural heritage of the Sinosphere originates in the philosophy and teachings of Confucius. His philosophical teachings, called Confucianism, emphasized personal and governmental morality, harmonious social relationships, righteousness, kindness, sincerity, and a ruler's responsibilities to lead by virtue.

German-born philosopher (1818-1883)

Italian Renaissance polymath (1452−1519)

Plato ( ; Greek: , ; born  BC, died 348/347 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher of Classical Athens who is most commonly considered the foundational thinker of the Western philosophical tradition. An innovator of the literary dialogue and dialectic forms, Plato influenced all the major areas of theoretical philosophy and practical philosophy, and was the founder of the Academy, a philosophical school in Athens where Plato taught the collection of philosophical theories that would later become known as Platonism.

founding leader of the Soviet Union (1870–1924)

First President of South Africa and anti-apartheid activist (1918–2013)

Russian author (1828–1910)

English naturalist and biologist (1809-1882)

German writer, artist, natural scientist and politician (1749–1832)

Socrates (; ; – 399 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher from Classical Athens, perhaps the first Western moral philosopher, and a major inspiration on his student Plato, who largely founded the tradition of Western philosophy. An enigmatic figure, Socrates authored no texts and is known mainly through the posthumous accounts of classical writers, particularly his students Plato and Xenophon. These accounts are written as dialogues, in which Socrates and his interlocutors examine a subject in the style of question and answer; they gave rise to the Socratic dialogue literary genre. Contrad

German composer (1770-1827)

Indian philosopher and the founder of Buddhism (623 or 563 BCE – 543 or 483 BCE)

Florentine poet, writer, and philosopher (c. 1265–1321)

Italian polymath (1564-1642)

French novelist, poet, dramatist and politician (1802–1885)

Spanish painter and sculptor (1881–1973)

Dutch painter (1853–1890)

Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (6March 147518February 1564), known mononymously as Michelangelo, was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance. He was born in the Republic of Florence but was mostly active in Rome from his 30s onwards. His work was inspired by models from classical antiquity and had a lasting influence on Western art. Michelangelo's creative abilities and mastery in a range of artistic arenas define him as an archetypal Renaissance man, along with his rival and elder contemporary, Leonardo da Vinci. Given the sheer volume of survivin

German composer (1685–1750)

German priest and theologian (1483–1546)

François-Marie Arouet (; 21 November 169430 May 1778), known by his pen name Voltaire (, ; ), was a French Enlightenment writer, philosopher (philosophe), satirist, and historian. Famous for his wit and his criticism of Christianity (especially of the Catholic Church) and of slavery, Voltaire was an advocate of freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and separation of church and state.

German philosopher (1844-1900)

founding father of the Republic of Turkey (c. 1881–1938)

Russian novelist (1821–1881)

German philosopher (1724-1804)

American inventor and businessman (1847–1931)

Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis (1856–1939)

French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist (1596–1650)

American author and humorist (1835–1910)

Spanish artist (1904–1989)

Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian (), was the founder of the Roman Empire and the first Roman emperor from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. The reign of Augustus initiated an imperial cult and an era of imperial peace (the or ) in which the Roman world was largely free of armed conflict. The principate, a style of government where the emperor showed nominal deference to the Senate, was established during his reign and lasted until the Crisis of the Third Century.

Publius Vergilius Maro (; 15 October 70 BC21 September 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil ( ) in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He composed three of the most famous poems in Latin literature: the Eclogues (or Bucolics), the Georgics, and the epic Aeneid. Some minor poems, collected in the Appendix Vergiliana, were attributed to him in ancient times, but modern scholars regard these as spurious, with the possible exception of some short pieces.

Archimedes of Syracuse ( ; ) was an Ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor from the city of Syracuse in Sicily. Although few details of his life are known, based on his surviving work, he is considered one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity, and one of the greatest mathematicians of all time. Archimedes anticipated modern calculus and analysis by applying the concept of the infinitesimals and the method of exhaustion to derive and rigorously prove many geometrical theorems, including the area of a circle, the surface area and volume of a sphere

Polish-French physicist and chemist (1867–1934)

Spanish novelist, poet, and playwright (1547-1616)

Danish writer and poet (1805–1875)

Bengali poet, philosopher and polymath (1861–1941)

Russian poet, playwright, and novelist (1799–1837)

Russian dramatist and author (1860–1904)

co-founder of Wikipedia (born 1966)

Bohemian writer from Prague (1883–1924)

1st chairman of the Chinese Communist Party and founder of the People's Republic of China (1893–1976)

Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer (1712-1778)

Christian theologian, philosopher, and saint (354–430)

Jean-Baptiste Poquelin (; 15 January 1622 (baptised) – 17 February 1673), known by his stage name Molière (, ; ), was a French playwright, actor, and poet, widely regarded as one of the great writers in the French language and world literature. His extant works include comedies, farces, tragicomedies, comédie-ballets, and more. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed at the Comédie-Française more often than those of any other playwright today. His influence is such that the French language is often referred to as the "language of Molière".

Italian diplomat and political and military theorist (1469–1527)

American actor (born 1989)

president of the United States from 1801 to 1809 (1743–1826)

Jonas Erik Altberg (; born 22 December 1984), known professionally as Basshunter, is a Swedish singer, record producer, songwriter and DJ. As indicated by his stage name, Basshunter is known for bass-heavy Eurodance music.

Scottish moral philosopher and political economist (1723–1790)

chancellor of Germany from 2005 to 2021 (born 1954)

President of France from 2012 to 2017 (born 1954)

Irish poet, playwright, and aesthete (1854-1900)

German statesman and Chancellor (1815-1898)

French general and statesman (1890–1970)

English Romantic poet and lyricist (1788–1824)

American polymath and statesman (1706–1790)

Serbian-American engineer and inventor (1856–1943)

President of Ukraine since 2019