Corticosteroids

Cortisol is a steroid hormone in the glucocorticoid class of hormones and a stress hormone. When used as medication, it is known as hydrocortisone.

Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex of vertebrates, and also their synthetic analogues. The two main classes of corticosteroids – glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids – are involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including stress response, immune response, and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior.

Glucocorticoids (or, less commonly, glucocorticosteroids) are a class of corticosteroids, which are in turn a class of steroid hormones. Glucocorticoids are corticosteroids that bind to the glucocorticoid receptor that is present in almost every vertebrate animal cell. The name "glucocorticoid" is a portmanteau of "glucose", "cortex", and "steroid", referring to its role in regulating the metabolism of glucose, its synthesis in the adrenal cortex, and its steroidal structure.

Cortisone is a naturally occurring, mostly inactive pregnene (21-carbon) steroid hormone. In the body, cortisone is produced as part of the Cortisol-Cortisone shunt, which protects vulnerable organs like the kidneys from cortisol. These organs produce the enzyme 11β-HSD2 which locally converts cortisol into inactive cortisone. Cortisone is later converted back into the active steroid cortisol by the enzyme 11β-HSD1, particularly in the liver, which maintains blood cortisol levels. Without the reaction converting cortisol into cortisone, cortisol binds with the mineralocorticoid receptors of th

Betamethasone is a steroid medication. It is used for a number of diseases including rheumatic disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, skin diseases such as dermatitis and psoriasis, allergic conditions such as asthma and angioedema, preterm labor to speed the development of the baby's lungs, Crohn's disease, cancers such as leukemia, and along with fludrocortisone for adrenocortical insufficiency, among others. It can be taken by mouth, injected into a muscle, or applied to the skin, typically in cream, lotion, or liquid forms.

Budesonide, sold under the brand name Pulmicort, among others, is a steroid medication. It is available as an inhaler, nebulization solution, pill, nasal spray, and rectal foam. The inhaled form is used in the long-term management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nasal spray is used for allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps. Modified-release pills or capsules and rectal forms may be used for inflammatory bowel disease including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and microscopic colitis.

Corticosterone, also known as 17-deoxycortisol and 11β,21-dihydroxyprogesterone, is a 21-carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands. In the very rare case of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 17α-hydroxylase deficiency cortisol production is blocked.

Fludrocortisone, sold under the brand name Florinef among others, is a corticosteroid used to treat congenital adrenal hyperplasia, postural hypotension, and adrenal insufficiency. In adrenal insufficiency, it is generally taken together with hydrocortisone. Fludrocortisone is taken by mouth and is most commonly used in its acetate form.

chemical compound

chemical compound

Desonide (INN) is a low-potency topical corticosteroid anti-inflammatory that has been available since the 1970s. It is primarily used to treat atopic dermatitis (eczema), seborrheic dermatitis, contact dermatitis and psoriasis in both adults and children. It has a fairly good safety profile and is available as a cream, ointment, lotion, and as a foam under the tradename Verdeso Foam. Other trade names for creams, lotions, and ointments include Tridesilon, DesOwen, Desonate. It is a group VI corticosteroid under US classification, the second least potent group.

medical condition

Prednicarbate is a relatively new topical corticosteroid drug. It is similar in potency to hydrocortisone. Corticosteroids have always been an important part of the pharmacological arsenal of dermatology; however, their tendency to produce side-effects has caused the need to search for new preparations.

Desoximetasone is a medication belonging to the family of medications known as topical corticosteroids. It is used for the relief of various skin conditions, including rashes. It helps to reduce redness, itching, and irritation. Desoximetasone is a synthetic corticosteroid, a class of primarily synthetic steroids used as anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic agents.

Difluprednate, sold under the brand name Durezol, is a corticosteroid used for the treatment of post-operative ocular inflammation and pain.

chemical compound

Loteprednol (formulated as the ester loteprednol etabonate) is a topical corticosteroid used to treat inflammations of the eye. It is marketed by Bausch and Lomb as Lotemax and Loterex.

Fludroxycortide (INN, BAN, JAN), also known as flurandrenolide (USAN) and flurandrenolone, is a synthetic topical corticosteroid and is used as an anti-inflammatory treatment for use on skin irritations. Trade names include Haelan (Typharm, UK) and Cordran (by Watson Pharmaceuticals, US).

11-Deoxycortisol, also known as cortodoxone (INN), cortexolone as well as 17α,21-dihydroxyprogesterone or 17α,21-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, is an endogenous glucocorticoid steroid hormone, and a metabolic intermediate toward cortisol. It was first described by Tadeusz Reichstein in 1938 as Substance S, thus has also been referred to as '''Reichstein's Substance S or Compound S'''.

medication for skin

Amcinonide (trade name Cyclocort) is a topical glucocorticoid used to treat itching, redness and swelling associated with several dermatologic conditions such as atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis. Amcinonide can also be classified as a multi-functional small molecule corticosteroid, which has been approved by the FDA and is currently marketed as an ointment, lotion, or cream. It acts as both a transcription factor for responses to glucocorticoids and modulator for other transcription factors while also regulating phospholipase A2 activity.

Fluprednisolone is a pregnane. It is a corticosteroid.

chemical compound

Prednimustine, sold under the brand names Mostarina and Sterecyst, is a medication which is used in chemotherapy in the treatment of leukemias and lymphomas. It is the ester formed from two other drugs, prednisolone and chlorambucil. Rarely, it has been associated with myoclonus.

chemical compound and topical steroid

Halcinonide is a high potency corticosteroid, in group II (second most potent group) under US classification. It is used topically (in a 0.05% cream provided as Halog) in the treatment of certain skin conditions. It is available as a generic medication.

Cloprednol is a synthetic glucocorticoid. It has been investigated for use in asthma.

18-Hydroxycorticosterone is an endogenous steroid. It is a derivative of corticosterone.

Tetrahydrocortisol, or urocortisol, also known as 3α,11β,17α,21-tetrahydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one, is a steroid and an inactive metabolite of cortisol.

chemical compound

pharmaceutical drug

chemical compound

chemical compound

Clobetasone (INN) is a corticosteroid used in dermatology, for treating such skin inflammation as seen in eczema, psoriasis and other forms of dermatitis, and ophthalmology. Topical clobetasone butyrate has shown minimal suppression of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis.

Tixocortol is a corticosteroid used as an intestinal anti-inflammatory and decongestant.

Fluocortin is a corticosteroid. It is similar to fluocortolone, but with one more carbonyl group.

Tetrahydrocortisone, or urocortisone, also known as 3α,17α,21-trihydroxy-5β-pregnane-11,20-dione, is a steroid and an inactive metabolite of cortisone.

Formocortal (INN), also known as fluoroformylone, is a corticosteroid used in dermatology and ophthalmology.

Halometasone is a potent (Group III) synthetic tri-halogenated corticosteroid for topical application possessing pronounced anti-inflammatory, antiexudative, antiepidermoplastic, antiallergic, and antipruritic properties. It has been approved in many European countries including Spain, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Netherlands, Belgium, and Portugal and other regions such as China, Hong Kong, Turkey, Israel, South Africa and India.

chemical compound

Betamethasone/dexchlorpheniramine (trade names Betadexin, Celabet, Celestamine, Ocuson) is a drug containing betamethasone and dexchlorpheniramine maleate to treat allergic conditions. Betamethasone is a steroid to relieve itches and inflammation while dexchlorpheniramine maleate is an antihistamine to treat urticaria.