Ion channels

pore-forming membrane protein that allows the passage of ions through a membrane

Electrophysiology (from [see the etymology of "electron"]; ; and ) is the branch of physiology that studies the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues. It involves measurements of voltage changes or electric current or manipulations on a wide variety of scales from single ion channel proteins to whole organs like the heart. In neuroscience, it includes measurements of the electrical activity of neurons, and, in particular, action potential activity. Recordings of large-scale electric signals from the nervous system, such as electroencephalography, may also be referred to as elec

type of ion channel transmembrane protein

family of transport proteins

ion channel complex through which calcium ions pass

glutamate receptor and ion channel protein found in nerve cells

ionotropic receptor and ligand-gated ion channel, with endogenous ligand γ-aminobutyric acid

ion channel that selectively passes K+

mathematical model describing how action potentials in neurons are initiated and propagated

group of ion-selective channel proteins that are activated by changes in the electrical membrane potential near the channel

family of transport proteins

The transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), also known as the capsaicin receptor and the vanilloid receptor 1, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the TRPV1 gene. It was the first isolated member of the transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor proteins that in turn are a sub-family of the transient receptor potential protein group. This protein is a member of the TRPV group of transient receptor potential family of ion channels. Fatty acid metabolites with affinity for this receptor are produced by cyanobacteria, which diverged from eukaryotes a

InterPro Family

Voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel KCNH2 also known as hERG (the human Ether-à-go-go-Related Gene) is a protein encoded by the gene KCNH2 Kv11.1, the α subunit of a potassium ion channel. This ion channel (sometimes simply denoted as 'hERG') is best known for its contribution to the electrical activity of the heart: the hERG channel mediates the repolarizing IKr current in the cardiac action potential, which helps coordinate the heart's beating.

Cav1.1 also known as the calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1S subunit, (CACNA1S), is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CACNA1S gene. It is also known as CACNL1A3 and the dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR, so named due to the blocking action DHP has on it).

family of lipid-gated inward-rectifier potassium ion channels

protein family

intermembrane proteins

Chloride channel 7 alpha subunit also known as H+/Cl− exchange transporter 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLCN7 gene. In melanocytic cells this gene is regulated by the Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor.

Chloride intracellular channel protein 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLIC6 gene.

family of transport proteins

The Kir2.1 inward-rectifier potassium channel is a lipid-gated ion channel encoded by the gene.

5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HTR3A gene.

Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes (see optogenetics). Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants that are sensitive to dif

Cav1.4 also known as the calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1F subunit (CACNA1F), is a human gene.

Methylosome subunit pICln is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLNS1A gene.

class of transport proteins

class of transport proteins

Chloride channel Kb, also known as CLCNKB, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CLCNKB gene.

The H+/Cl- exchange transporter 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLCN5 gene.

Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 4, also known as voltage-gated potassium channel subunit Kv7.4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNQ4 gene.

family of transport proteins

Glutamate Receptor Ionotropic, [NMDA] subunit zeta-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRIN1 gene.

Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1 also known as Kv1.1 is a shaker related voltage-gated potassium channel that in humans is encoded by the KCNA1 gene. Isaacs syndrome is a result of an autoimmune reaction against the Kv1.1 ion channel.

Cav2.1, also called the P/Q voltage-dependent calcium channel, is a calcium channel found mainly in the brain. Specifically, it is found on the presynaptic terminals of neurons in the brain and cerebellum. Cav2.1 plays an important role in controlling the release of neurotransmitters between neurons. It is composed of multiple subunits, including alpha-1, beta, alpha-2/delta, and gamma subunits. The alpha-1 subunit is the pore-forming subunit, meaning that the calcium ions flow through it. Different kinds of calcium channels have different isoforms (versions) of the alpha-1 subunit. Cav2.1 has

Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C (also known as Cav1.2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CACNA1C gene. Cav1.2 is a subunit of L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel.

class of transport proteins

Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M (melastatin) member 8 (TRPM8), also known as the cold and menthol receptor 1 (CMR1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRPM8 gene. The TRPM8 channel is the primary molecular transducer of cold somatosensation in humans. In addition, mints can desensitize a region through the activation of TRPM8 receptors (the 'cold'/menthol receptor).

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITPR1 gene.

Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 is a potassium channel protein encoded in the human by the KCNQ1 gene. Its mutation causes long QT syndrome, Kv7.1 is a voltage and lipid-gated potassium channel present in the cell membranes of cardiac tissue and in inner ear neurons among other tissues. In the cardiac cells, Kv7.1 mediates the IKs (or slow delayed rectifying K+) current that contributes to the repolarization of the cell, terminating the cardiac action potential and thereby the heart's contraction. It is a member of the KCNQ family of potassium channels.

protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-1, also known as nAChRα1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHRNA1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of certain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).

protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 12 is a lipid-gated ion channel that in humans is encoded by the KCNJ12 gene.

Kv channel-interacting protein 1 also known as KChIP1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNIP1 gene.

Chloride intracellular channel protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLIC5 gene.

family of transport proteins

Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, alpha 2/delta subunit 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CACNA2D3 gene on chromosome 3 (locus 3p21.1).

Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CACNB2 gene.

protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Chloride channel CLIC-like 1 also known as CLCC1 is a human gene.

2Cl-/H+ exchanger 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLCN3 gene.

thumb|KCNE2 3D animation

Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GABRR1 gene.

Potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 5, also known as KCNA5 or Kv1.5, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNA5 gene.

Chloride intracellular channel 4, also known as CLIC4,p644H1,HuH1, is a eukaryotic gene.

Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1D subunit (also known as Cav1.3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CACNA1D gene. Cav1.3 channels belong to the Cav1 family, which form L-type calcium currents and are sensitive to selective inhibition by dihydropyridines (DHP).

Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HCN1 gene.

protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Potassium channel subfamily K member 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNK5 gene.