period during which the Pope lived in Avignon, France (1309–1376)
The Avignon Papacy was a period from 1309 to 1376 when the Pope lived in Avignon, France, instead of Rome, which was the traditional seat of papal power. This shift weakened the Pope's authority in Italy and contributed to a crisis of confidence in the Catholic Church that had lasting effects on European politics and religion.
AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.
The Avignon Papacy (Occitan: Papat d'Avinhon; French: Papauté d'Avignon) was the period from 1309 to 1376 during which seven successive popes resided in Avignon (at the time within the Kingdom of Arles, part of the Holy Roman Empire, now part of France) rather than in Rome. The situation arose from the conflict between the papacy and the French crown, culminating in the death of Pope Boniface VIII after his arrest and maltreatment by agents of Philip IV of France. Following the subsequent death of Pope Benedict XI, Philip pressured a deadlocked conclave to elect the archbishop of Bordeaux as Pope Clement V in 1305. Clement refused to move to Rome, and in 1309 he moved his court to the papal enclave at Avignon, where it remained for the next 67 years. This absence from Rome is sometimes referred to as the "Babylonian captivity" of the papacy (cf. Italian cattività avignonese, i.e. "Avignonese captivity").
The seven popes that reigned at Avignon were all French, and all under the influence of the French Crown. In 1376, Gregory XI abandoned Avignon and moved his court to Rome, arriving in January 1377. After Gregory's death in 1378, deteriorating relations between his successor Urban VI and a faction of cardinals gave rise to the Western Schism. This started a second line of Avignon popes, subsequently regarded as illegitimate. The last Avignon antipope, Benedict XIII, lost most of his support in 1398, including that of France. After five years besieged by the French, he fled to Perpignan in 1403. The schism ended in 1417 at the Council of Constance.
Discovered by embedding cosine similarity (sentence-transformers MiniLM, 384-dim).