Laurasiatheria
Laurasiatheria (; "Laurasian beasts") is a superorder of placental mammals that groups together true insectivores (eulipotyphlans), bats (chiropterans), carnivorans, pangolins (pholidotes), even-toed ungulates (artiodactyls), odd-toed ungulates (perissodactyls), and all their extinct relatives (pan-euungulates). From systematics and phylogenetic perspectives, it is subdivided into order Eulipotyphla and clade Scrotifera. It is a sister group to Euarchontoglires with which it forms the magnorder Boreoeutheria. Laurasiatheria was discovered on the basis of the similar gene sequences shared by th
Species
勞亞獸總目（Laurasiatheria）是根據DNA序列分析及逆轉位子數據而成立的真獸下綱下的一個演化支。其名字是來自相信這些哺乳動物都是在從盤古大陸分裂出來的勞亞大陸上演化的。 目录 1 分类 1.1 种系发生学 2 參考文献 3 外部链接 分类 牠們是靈長總目及非洲獸總目的姊妹分類，其下包含了一些現存的目： 蝟形目（Erinaceomorpha）：刺蝟及毛猬。 鼩鼱目（Soricomorpha）：鼹、鼩鼱、溝齒鼩等。 鯨偶蹄目：包含原先的鯨目及偶蹄目。 Pegasoferae（假说，包含以下各目） 鱗甲目（Pholidota）：穿山甲。 翼手目（Chiroptera）：蝙蝠。 食肉目（Carnivora）：犬、貓。 奇蹄目（Perissodactyla）：馬。 勞亞獸總目中的蝟形目是最為分化的分支。有些研究將奇蹄目及猛獸超目分類在朋獸總目中，其他的則將奇蹄目及鯨偶蹄目分類在有蹄類中，但這些都沒有足夠的證據支持。 勞亞獸總目亦包含了一些已滅絕的目： 南蹄目（Meridiungulata） 踝節目（Condylarthra） 恐角目（Dinocerata） 中爪獸目（Mesonychia） 带齿兽目 (Cimolesta) 肉齒目（Creodonta） 种系发生学 根据分子学的研究成果，劳亚兽总目和其它真兽类旁系群的亲缘关系可能如下: 真兽下纲 Eutheria 非洲兽总目 Afrotheria 外非洲胎盘类 Exafroplacentalia 贫齿总目 Xenarthra 北方兽类 Boreoeutheria 劳亚兽总目 Laurasiatheria 灵长总目 Euarchontoglires 劳亚兽总目属下各目的可能演化关系如下（真有蹄类学说）[1]： 北方真獸高目 勞亞獸總目 真盲缺大目（刺蝟、鼩鼱、鼴鼠、溝齒鼩） 有陰囊大目 翼手目（蝙蝠、狐蝠） 猛獸真有蹄類 猛獸類 鱗甲目（穿山甲） 食肉目（貓、鬣狗、犬、熊、海豹） 真有蹄類 奇蹄目（馬、貘、犀牛） 鯨偶蹄目（駱駝、豬、牛、河馬、鯨魚） 靈長總目（猿猴、鼯猴、樹鼩、鼠、兔） 參考文献 ^ Zhou, Xuming; Xu, Shixia; Xu, Junxiao; Chen, Bingyao; Zhou, Kaiya; Yang, Guang. Phylogenomic Analysis Resolves the Interordinal Relationships and Rapid Diversification of the Laurasiatherian Mammals. Systematic Biology. 2011, 61 (1): 150–164. PMC 3243735. PMID 21900649. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syr089. William J.
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Article
9 sectionsContents
- Etymology
- Classification and phylogeny
- History of phylogeny
- Taxonomy
- Phylogeny
- See also
- References
- Further reading
- External links
Laurasiatheria (; "Laurasian beasts") is a superorder of placental mammals that groups together true insectivores (eulipotyphlans), bats (chiropterans), carnivorans, pangolins (pholidotes), even-toed ungulates (artiodactyls), odd-toed ungulates (perissodactyls), and all their extinct relatives (pan-euungulates). From systematics and phylogenetic perspectives, it is subdivided into order Eulipotyphla and clade Scrotifera. It is a sister group to Euarchontoglires with which it forms the magnorder Boreoeutheria. Laurasiatheria was discovered on the basis of the similar gene sequences shared by the mammals belonging to it; no anatomical features have yet been found that unite the group, although a few have been suggested such as a small coracoid process, a simplified hindgut (reversed in artiodactyls), high intelligence, lack of grasping hands (though mimicry of grasping is observed in felines) and allantoic vessels that are large to moderate in size. The Laurasiatheria clade is based on DNA sequence analyses and retrotransposon presence/absence data. The superorder originated on the northern supercontinent of Laurasia, after it split from Gondwana when Pangaea broke up. Its last common ancestor is supposed to have lived between ca. 76 to 90 million years ago.
== Etymology == The name of this superorder derives from the theory that this group of mammals originated on the supercontinent of Laurasia. In contrast, extinct primitive mammals called Gondwanatheria existed in the supercontinent of Gondwana.