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Also known as corn plant, maize plant, corn, Zea mays
Maize (; Zea mays), also known as corn in North American English, is a tall stout grass that produces cereal grain. The leafy stalk of the plant gives rise to male inflorescences or tassels which produce pollen, and female inflorescences called ears. The ears yield grain, known as kernels or seeds. In modern commercial varieties, these are usually yellow or white; other varieties can be of many colors. Maize was domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 9,000 years ago from wild teosinte. Native Americans planted it alongside beans and squashes in the Three Sisters polycultur
Maize, also called corn in North America, is a tall grass plant that produces grain kernels used as cereal, with kernels that are typically yellow or white in modern varieties. Domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico roughly 9,000 years ago, maize became an important crop planted alongside beans and squashes in traditional agriculture.
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Common Grackle
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玉米 《科勒藥用植物》(1897), Zea mays 科学分类 界: 植物界 Plantae 演化支: 被子植物 Angiosperms 演化支: 单子叶植物 Monocots 演化支: 鸭跖草类植物 Commelinids 目: 禾本目 Poales 科: 禾本科 Poaceae 属: 玉米属 Zea 种: 玉米 Z. mays 二名法 Zea maysL., 1753 玉米(学名:Zea mays)是一年生禾本科草本植物,是全世界总产量最高的重要粮食作物。同時也可以當作飼料使用,還有在生物科技產業作為乙醇燃料的原材料。而且玉米更在各個化工領域被大量利用著,做成塑膠等等不同的物品。 目录 1 名称 2 形态 3 分佈 4 歷史 5 用途 6 特點 7 改造作物 8 藝術 9 參見 10 参考文献 11 外部連結 名称 据统计,玉米的中文名有100多个,在中国各地都有对其不同的称呼[1]。粵語稱為粟米,閩南語稱作番麥,閩東語平話稱為油甜包,晉語稱玉茭子、玉稻黍等,吴语中称呼比较复杂,上海称珍珠米、苏州称御麥、浙江称六穀,在客家话中以及马来西亚华人地区被普遍称为包粟。北方方言中普遍称为棒子或包穀。东北话称为苞米[2]。 玉米在中文中的不同称呼 麦类 御麦、玉麦[3],番麦[4]、西天麦[4]、黍麦、戎麦、包麦、苞麦、番大麦 、红须麦、夷麦、西番麦、玉林麦 黍类 玉蜀黍[5]、玉黍、玉稻黍、金稻黍、玉大黍、玉糜黍、大蜀黍、番黍,玉芦黍、蜀黍 秫类 秫、玉蜀秫[6]、玉秫秫[7]、秫秫、玉秫、大秫秫 粱类 玉膏粱、玉高粱、大高粱、玉粱、御高粱、独膏粱 粟类 珍珠粟[8]、鸡头粟、观音粟、意粟、苞粟、天方粟、包粟、珍珠芦粟、饭包粟、鸡豆粟、荷包粟、乳粟、遇粟、意粟、芦粟、罂粟(和作鸦片的罂粟异物同名)、高粟、金豆子粟、鹿角粟 、包胎粟 穄类 玉芦穄、芦穄、秫穄、球穄、珠穄 芦类 苞芦[9]、腰芦、苞萝 米类 珍珠米、玉米、包米、包儿米、棒米、六谷米、御米、巴尔米、番米、包粱米、丈谷米、芋米、棒子米、观音米、子米、粟米、包子米、包粒米、老芋米 豆类 番豆、金豆、玉豆、玉芦豆 谷类 包谷[10]、苞穀、舜王穀、六谷[11][12]、西番穀 其他 玉茭茭[7]、玉榴[13]、玉子、戎菽、玉籽、粟包、稖子、玉露、玉蜀、玉穟、腰边豹、苞果、包菽、包罗、棒子[14]、棒椎、芦蜀、榜子、棒槌、苽、稷、包苽、苞果 形态 黄色的甜玉米 (玉米粒)每100 g(3.5 oz)食物營養值 熱量 360 kJ(86 kcal) 糖类 19.02 g 糖 3.22 g膳食纖維 2.7 g 脂肪 1.18 g 蛋白質 3.22 g 色氨酸 0.023 g蘇氨酸 0.129 g異亮氨酸 0.129 g亮氨酸 0.348 g賴氨酸 0.137 g蛋氨酸 0.067 g胱氨酸 0.026 g苯丙氨
via IUCN · Kew POWO
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Maize (; Zea mays), also known as corn in North American English, is a tall stout grass that produces cereal grain. The leafy stalk of the plant gives rise to male inflorescences or tassels which produce pollen, and female inflorescences called ears. The ears yield grain, known as kernels or seeds. In modern commercial varieties, these are usually yellow or white; other varieties can be of many colors. Maize was domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 9,000 years ago from wild teosinte. Native Americans planted it alongside beans and squashes in the Three Sisters polyculture. That is, those three vegetables were the main staple crops of the time.
Maize relies on humans for its propagation. Since the Columbian exchange, it has become a staple food in many parts of the world, with the total production of maize surpassing that of wheat and rice. Much maize is used for animal feed, whether as grain (fodder) or as the whole plant, which can either be baled as forage or made into the more palatable silage. Sugar-rich varieties called sweet corn are grown for human consumption, while field corn varieties are used for animal feed, for uses such as cornmeal or masa, corn starch, corn syrup, pressing into corn oil, alcoholic beverages like bourbon whiskey, and as chemical feedstocks including ethanol and other biofuels.
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