Aldehydes

150px|alt=Aldehyde structure|thumb|class=skin-invert|Aldehyde structure

Aldosterone is the main mineralocorticoid steroid hormone produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland. It is essential for sodium conservation in the kidney, salivary glands, sweat glands, and colon. It plays a central role in the homeostatic regulation of blood pressure, plasma sodium (Na+), and potassium (K+) levels. It does so primarily by acting on the mineralocorticoid receptors in the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the nephron. It influences the reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium (from and into the tubular fluids, respectively) of th

Orlistat, sold under the brand name Xenical among others, is a medication used to treat obesity. Its primary function is preventing the absorption of fats from the human diet by acting as a lipase inhibitor, thereby reducing caloric intake. It is intended for use in conjunction with a healthcare provider-supervised reduced-calorie diet.

Chloral, also known as trichloroacetaldehyde or trichloroethanal, is the organic compound with the formula Cl3CCHO. This aldehyde is a colourless liquid that is soluble in a wide range of solvents. It reacts with water to form chloral hydrate, a once widely used sedative and hypnotic substance.

Glutaraldehyde is an organic compound with the formula . The molecule consists of a five carbon chain doubly terminated with formyl (CHO) groups. It is usually used as a solution in water, and such solutions exists as a collection of hydrates, cyclic derivatives, and condensation products, several of which interconvert. Because the molecule has two aldehyde functional groups, glutaraldehyde (and its hydrates) can crosslink substances with primary amine groups, through condensation. Crosslinking can rigidify and deactivate proteins and other molecules that are critical for normal biological fun

thumb|General aldol structure showing the α and 𝛽 positions of carbons relative to the carbonyl. When R" is -H, it is an aldol, when R" is a carbon, it is a ketol. In organic chemistry, an aldol is a structure consisting of a hydroxy group (-OH) two carbons away from either an aldehyde or a ketone. The name combines the suffix 'ol' from the alcohol and the prefix depending on the carbonyl group, either 'ald' for an aldehyde, or 'ket' for a ketone, in which case it referred to as a 'ketol'. An aldol may also use the term β-hydroxy aldehyde (or β-hydroxy ketone for a ketol). The term "aldol" ma

Retinal (also known as retinaldehyde) is a polyene chromophore. Retinal, bound to proteins called opsins, is the chemical basis of visual phototransduction, the light-detection stage of visual perception (vision).

Methylglyoxal (MGO) is the organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)CHO. It is a reduced derivative of pyruvic acid. It is a reactive compound that is implicated in the biology of diabetes. Methylglyoxal is produced industrially by degradation of carbohydrates using overexpressed methylglyoxal synthase.

Spiramycin is a macrolide antibiotic and antiparasitic. It is used to treat toxoplasmosis and various other infections of soft tissues.

Safranal is an organic compound isolated from saffron, the spice consisting of the stigmas of crocus flowers (Crocus sativus). It is the constituent primarily responsible for the aroma of saffron.

Chloroacetaldehyde is an organic compound with the formula ClCH2CHO. Like some related compounds, it is highly electrophilic reagent and a potentially dangerous alkylating agent. The compound is not normally encountered in the anhydrous form, but rather as the hemiacetal (ClCH2CH(OH))2O.

Josamycin is a macrolide antibiotic. It was isolated by Hamao Umezawa and his colleagues from strains of Streptomyces narbonensis var. josamyceticus var. nova in 1964.

Phenylacetaldehyde is an organic compound used in the synthesis of fragrances and polymers. Phenylacetaldehyde is an aldehyde that consists of acetaldehyde bearing a phenyl substituent; the parent member of the phenylacetaldehyde class of compounds. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is an alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde and a member of phenylacetaldehydes.

Allysine is a derivative of lysine that features a formyl group in place of the terminal amine. The free amino acid does not exist, but the allysine residue does. It is produced by aerobic oxidation of lysine residues by the enzyme lysyl oxidase. The transformation is an example of a post-translational modification. The semialdehyde form exists in equilibrium with a cyclic derivative. thumb|center|Conversion of lysine residue to allysine residue.|380px

Malondialdehyde belong to the class of β-dicarbonyls. A colorless solid, malondialdehyde is a highly reactive compound that occurs as the enol. It is a physiological metabolite, and a marker for oxidative stress.

Pyridoxal (PL) is one form of vitamin B6.

Picrocrocin is a monoterpene glycoside precursor of safranal. It is found in the spice saffron, which comes from the crocus flower. Picrocrocin has a bitter taste, and is the chemical most responsible for the taste of saffron.

Midecamycin is a macrolide antibiotic that is synthesized from Streptomyces mycarofaciens.

Secologanin is a secoiridoid monoterpene synthesized from geranyl pyrophosphate in the mevalonate pathway. Secologanin then proceeds with dopamine or tryptamine to form ipecac and terpene indole alkaloids, respectively.

Convallatoxin is a glycoside extracted from Convallaria majalis.

Propiolaldehyde is an organic compound with molecular formula HC2CHO. It is the simplest chemical compound containing both alkyne and aldehyde functional groups. It is a colorless liquid with explosive properties.

Lilial (a trade name for lily aldehyde, also known as lysmeral or lilestralis) is a chemical compound commonly used as a perfume in cosmetic preparations and laundry powders, often under the name butylphenyl methylpropional. It is an aromatic aldehyde, naturally occurring in crow-dipper and tomato plants, and produced synthetically in large scale. It was banned for use in cosmetics by the EU in March 2022 after being found to be harmful to fertility.

Glutamate-1-semialdehyde is a molecule formed from by the reduction of tRNA bound glutamate, catalyzed by glutamyl-tRNA reductase. It is isomerized by glutamate-1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase to give aminolevulinic acid in the biosynthesis of porphyrins, including heme and chlorophyll.

chemical compound

chemical compound

Oleocanthal is a phenylethanoid, or a type of natural phenolic compound found in extra-virgin olive oil. It appears to be responsible for the burning sensation that occurs in the back of the throat when consuming such oil. Oleocanthal is a tyrosol ester and its chemical structure is related to oleuropein, also found in olive oil.

Succinaldehyde or Butanedial is an organic compound with the formula . It is a colorless viscous liquid. Typical of some other saturated dialdehydes, succinaldehyde is handled as the hydrates or methanol-derived acetal. It is a precursor to tropinone. Succinaldehyde can be used as a crosslinking agent for proteins, but it is less widely used than the related dialdehyde glutaraldehyde.

Perillaldehyde, perillic aldehyde or perilla aldehyde, is a natural organic compound found most abundantly in the annual herb perilla, but also in a wide variety of other plants and essential oils. It is a monoterpenoid containing an aldehyde functional group.

Phenylglyoxal is the organic compound with the formula C6H5C(O)C(O)H. It contains both an aldehyde and a ketone functional group. It is yellow liquid when anhydrous but readily forms a colorless crystalline hydrate. It has been used as a reagent to modify the amino acid, arginine. It has also been used to attach chemical payload (probes) to the amino acid citrulline and to peptides/proteins.

Sinapaldehyde is an organic compound with the formula HO(CH3O)2C6H2CH=CHCHO. It is a derivative of cinnamaldehyde, featuring one hydroxy group and two methoxy groups as substituents. It is an intermediate in the formation of sinapyl alcohol, a lignol that is a major precursor to lignin.

2-Nitrocinnamaldehyde, '''ortho-nitrocinnamaldehyde or o-nitrocinnamaldehyde''' is an organic aromatic compound containing a nitro group ortho- to the 1-position of cinnamaldehyde.

Hydroxycitronellal (7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyloctanal) is an odorant used in perfumery. Its molecular formula is C10H20O2.

Bourgeonal (also known as cyclamen propanal) is an aromatic aldehyde used in perfumery. It has a fragrance reminiscent of lily of the valley, otherwise described as floral, watery, green, and aldehydic. It is a pale yellow liquid at room temperature.

Hydroxymethylpentylcyclohexenecarboxaldehyde (HMPCC) is a synthetic fragrance known by the trade names Lyral, Kovanol, Mugonal, Landolal. It is found in some soaps, eau de toilettes, aftershaves and deodorants.

Antiarins are cardiac glycoside poisons produced by the upas tree (Antiaris toxicaria). There are two closely related forms, α-antiarin and β-antiarin. The two share the same aglycone, antiarigenin, but differ in the sugar group that is attached to it.

chemical compound

chemical compound

Methional is an organic compound with the formula CH3SCH2CH2CHO. It is a colorless liquid that is a degradation product of methionine. It is a notable flavor in potato-based snacks, namely potato chips, one of the most popular foods containing methional. Traces of the compound can also be found in black tea and green tea based products. Methional contains both aldehyde and thioether functional groups. It is readily soluble in alcohol solvents, including propylene glycol and dipropylene glycol.

Gyrinal is an organic chemical compound  - an unsaturated ketoaldehyde - with the formula C14H18O3, obtained from the whirligig beetle (the water boatman, Gyrinus natator). It is a powerful antiseptic and fish and mammal toxin, and thus used as a defensive compound. Typically the beetles contain approx. 80 microgram of the compound. The LD50 of the compound is approx. 45 mg/kg in mice.

Xanthoxin is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone abscisic acid.

Polygodial a is chemical compound found in dorrigo pepper, mountain pepper, horopito, canelo, paracress, water-pepper, and Dendrodoris limbata.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL), also known as dopamine aldehyde, is a metabolite of the monoamine neurotransmitter dopamine formed by monoamine oxidase (MAO).

Botrydial is secondary metabolite secreted by the fungus Botrytis cinerea which is phytotoxic. Chemically it is a sesquiterpene. Botrydial was first isolated and described in 1974. B. cinerea is the causal agent of gray mold disease and is known to attack a wide range of plants (over 200 species) producing leaf-spot diseases and mildews on lettuces and tomatoes as well as rotting berries. For this reason, botrydial, as well as other B. cinerea originated sesquiterpene metabolites, represent an economically important disease for ornamental and agriculturally important crops. From all the metabo

k-Strophanthidin is a cardenolide found in species of the genus Strophanthus. It is the aglycone of k-strophanthin, an analogue of ouabain. k-strophanthin is found in the ripe seeds of Strophanthus kombé and in the lily Convallaria.

class of chemical compounds

Dichloroacetaldehyde is a chlorinated aldehyde with the chemical formula . Along with monochloroacetaldehyde and trichloroacetaldehyde, it is one of the three possible chlorinated acetaldehydes.

Methoxymethylfurfural (MMF or 5-methoxymethylfuran-2-carbaldehyde) is an organic compound derived from dehydration of sugars and subsequent etherification with methanol. This colorless liquid is soluble in a wide range of solvents including lower alcohols. The molecule is a derivative of furan, containing both aldehyde and ether (methoxymethyl) functional groups. MMF has been detected in the leaves and roots of Chilean Jaborosa magellanica (Solanaceae). It has a typical odor suggestive of maraschino cherries. MMF can be made from a wide range of carbohydrate containing feedstocks including sug

Glutaconaldehyde is an organic compound with the formula C5H6O2. It is an unsaturated dialdehyde as is related to glutaraldehyde and glutaconic acid, but exists in its enol form due to the conjugation with the double bond.

class of chemical compound

2-Ethylhexanal is the organic compound with the formula . A colorless liquid, it is produced on a large scale industrially as a precursor to 2-ethylhexanoic acid and 2-ethylhexanol, both used as precursors to plasticizers. It was studied in the detergent industry since the 1930s.

chemical compound

Indole-3-acetaldehyde (IAL) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as indoles. These are compounds containing an indole moiety, which consists of pyrrole ring fused to benzene to form 2,3-benzopyrrole. It is a metabolite of tryptamine formed by monoamine oxidase (MAO).

4-Hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, also known as '''p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde''', is a natural product with the formula HOC6H4CH2CHO. It is a derivative of phenylacetaldehyde and occurs as a white solid at room temperature.

chemical compound

Peruvoside (or cannogenin thevetoside) is a cardiac glycoside for heart failure.

Neoconvalloside is a cardenolide glycoside extracted from Convallaria majalis.

Thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde is an organosulfur compound with the formula C4H3SCHO. It is one of two isomeric thiophenecarboxaldehydes. It is a colorless liquid that often appears amber after storage. It is versatile precursor to many drugs including eprosartan, Azosemide, and Teniposide.

Daigremontianin is a bufadienolide. Bufadienolides are steroids and cardiac glycoside aglycones (meaning that they bind with carbohydrates to form cardiac glycosides) that are similar to cardenolides, differing only in the structure of the C-17 substituent on the D ring. This chemical has been found to be toxic in experiments on mice. It is one of five bufadienolides that have been isolated from Kalanchoe daigremontiana.

4-Methoxycinnamaldehyde is a bioactive isolate of Agastache rugosa.

2-Methylpentanal is an organic compound with the formula . It is a colorless liquid. The compound is a chiral aldehyde. It serves as a precursor to the commercial tranquilizer meprobamate. It is prepared by aldol condensation of propionaldehyde followed by dehydration and hydrogenation of the aldol product.