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hydrazine

File:Hydrazin.svg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons

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hydrazine

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Also known as diazane, tetrahydridodinitrogen, H2NNH2, N2H4, nitrogen hydride, diamine, hydrazin, inorganic hydrazine

OverviewAI-generated

Hydrazine is a chemical compound with the formula N₂H₄, also written as H₄N₂. It has a molecular mass of 32.05 and a density of 1.01. The substance melts at 36 and boils at 236. Its vapor pressure is 10, and it has an electric dipole moment of 1.75. The pKa of hydrazine is 8.10, while its ionization energy is 8.93.

Safety data indicates that hydrazine has a flash point of 99. The lower flammable limit is 2.9, and the upper flammable limit is 98. The immediately dangerous to life or health concentration is 65.5. Exposure limits include a time-weighted average of 1.3 and a ceiling of 0.04. The compound has two hydrogen bond donors and two hydrogen bond acceptors, with a topological polar surface area of 52.

Synthesized by Vinony from 32 facts across 4 sources: Wikidata, PubChem, PubMed, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Chemical data

Formula
H4N2
Molecular weight
32.046 g/mol
IUPAC name
hydrazine
SMILES
NN
InChIKey
OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
XLogP
-1.5
Polar surface area
52 Ų
H-bond donors
2
H-bond acceptors
2
Formal charge
0

via PubChem

Research

61,119 papers

via PubMed

~25 min read

Encyclopedic overview

26 sections
Contents
  • Etymology and history
  • Applications
  • Gas producers and propellants
  • Precursor to pesticides and pharmaceuticals
  • Small-scale, niche, and research
  • Rocket fuel
  • Occupational hazards
  • Health effects
  • Occupational exposure limits
  • Handling and medical surveillance
  • Molecular structure
  • Synthesis and production
  • Oxidation of ammonia via oxaziridines from peroxide
  • Chlorine-based oxidations
  • Reactions
  • Acid-base behavior
  • Redox reactions
  • Hydrazinium salts
  • Organic chemistry
  • Hydrazone formation
  • Biochemistry
  • In popular culture
  • See also
  • References
  • Further reading
  • External links

Hydrazine is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It is a simple pnictogen hydride, and is a colourless flammable liquid with an ammonia-like odour. Hydrazine is highly hazardous unless handled in solution as, for example, hydrazine hydrate ().

Hydrazine is mainly used as a foaming agent in preparing polymer foams, but applications also include its uses as a precursor to pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, as well as a long-term storable propellant for in-space spacecraft propulsion. Additionally, hydrazine is used in various rocket fuels and to prepare the gas precursors used in airbags. Hydrazine is used within both nuclear and conventional electrical power plant steam cycles as an oxygen scavenger to control concentrations of dissolved oxygen in an effort to reduce corrosion. , approximately 120,000 tons of hydrazine hydrate (corresponding to a 64% solution of hydrazine in water by weight) were manufactured worldwide per year.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “hydrazine” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.

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