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嗎啡

File:Morphine.svg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons

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嗎啡

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Also known as (-)-morphine, (5R,6S,9R,13S,14R)-4,5-epoxy-N-methyl-7-morphinen-3,6-diol, Morphia, morphium, (5alpha,6alpha)-17-methyl-7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxymorphinan-3,6-diol, (5alpha,6alpha)-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6-diol, (5α,6α)-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6-diol, (7R,7AS,12bs)-3-methyl-2,3,4,4a,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methano[1]benzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-7,9-diol

Morphine, formerly known as morphium, is an opiate found naturally in opium, a dark brown resin produced by drying the latex of opium poppies (Papaver somniferum). It is mainly used as an analgesic (pain medication). There are multiple methods used to administer morphine: oral; sublingual; via inhalation; injection into a muscle, injection under the skin, or injection into the spinal cord area; transdermal; intravenously; or via rectal suppository. It acts directly on the central nervous system (CNS) to induce analgesia and alter perception and emotional response to pain. Physical and psycholo

OverviewAI-generated

Morphine is a chemical compound with the formula C₁₇H₁₉NO₃. It was discovered in 1804. The compound has a mass of 285.136 and a melting point of 254. Its defined daily dose is 30.

The IUPAC name for morphine is (4R,4aR,7S,7aR,12bS)-3-methyl-2,4,4a,7,7a,13-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-7,9-diol. It possesses a charge of 0, an xlogp of 0.8, and a tpsa of 52.9. The molecule contains two hydrogen bond donors and four hydrogen bond acceptors.

Synthesized by Vinony from 21 facts across 4 sources: Wikidata, PubChem, PubMed, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Key facts

Drug.verifiedrevid
477170110
Drug.image
Morphine2DCSDS.svg
Drug.image_class
skin-invert-image
Drug.width
180
Drug.image2
Morphine molecule ball.png
Drug.image_class2
bg-transparent
Drug.tradename
Statex, MS Contin, Kadian, Oramorph, M-ESLON, others
Drug.MedlinePlus
a682133
Drug.DailyMedID
Morphine
Drug.pregnancy_AU
C
Drug.dependency_liability
High
Drug.addiction_liability
High
Drug.routes_of_administration
Inhalation, insufflation, by mouth, rectal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, epidural, intrathecal
Drug.class
Opiate
Drug.ATC_prefix
N02
Drug.ATC_suffix
AA01
Drug.legal_AU
S8
Drug.legal_BR
A1

via Wikipedia infobox

Chemical data

Formula
C17H19NO3
Molecular weight
285.34 g/mol
IUPAC name
(4R,4aR,7S,7aR,12bS)-3-methyl-2,4,4a,7,7a,13-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-7,9-diol
SMILES
CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)O)O[C@H]3[C@H](C=C4)O
InChIKey
BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N
XLogP
0.8
Polar surface area
52.9 Ų
H-bond donors
2
H-bond acceptors
4
Formal charge
0

via PubChem

Drug data · ChEMBL

Max clinical phase
Approved
Molecule type
Small molecule
First approval
1984
Admin. routes
oral, parenteral
Indications
pain, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, injury, neoplasm

via ChEMBL · EBI

Research

82,258 papers

via PubMed

Wikidata facts

Has part
hydrogen
Mass
285.136
Has use
medication
Show 12 more facts
Commons category
Morphine
topic's main category
Category:Morphine
found in taxon
Physalis angulata
chemical formula
C₁₇H₁₉NO₃
medical condition treated
fibromyalgia
canonical SMILES
CN1CCC23C4C1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)O)OC3C(C=C4)O
isomeric SMILES
CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)O)O[C@H]3[C@H](C=C4)O
melting point
254
time of discovery or invention
1804-00-00
subject has role
essential medicine
defined daily dose
30
significant drug interaction
gabapentin
Sources (8)

via Wikidata · CC0

Article · 中文

嗎啡（英語：Morphine）為一種鴉片類藥物，會直接作用於中樞神經系統，改變人體對疼痛的感覺。可用於緩解急性或慢性疼痛。嗎啡也常用於心肌梗塞和臨盆時，可以口服、、皮下注射、靜脈注射，或脊髓周圍注射。 潛在的嚴重副作用包括呼吸抑制和低血壓，且有高度成癮性和藥物濫用的情形。如果長期使用後驟然降低劑量，可能會出現戒斷症狀。常見的副作用有昏沉、嘔吐和便秘。懷孕和哺乳期間不建議使用，以免影響胎兒。 嗎啡是在1803-1805年由德國藥師瑟圖納首次分離出來，普遍相信嗎啡是首個成功從植物體內分離的活性成分。美國默克藥廠於1827年開始商業販售。1835-1855年間，皮下注射器被發明，自此本品更被廣泛使用。Sertürner起初因為嗎啡具有讓人睡著的傾向，就以希臘神話中的夢境與睡眠之神——摩耳甫斯（Morpheus）的名稱將這種物質命名為「嗎啡」（Morphium）。 嗎啡的主要來源是從罌粟花的罌粟稈所分離出來。在2013年估計製造了52.3萬公斤的嗎啡。其中大約有4.5萬公斤的嗎啡被直接用於緩解疼痛，比二十年前高出四倍，且大多將嗎啡用於止痛的為已開發國家。約有70%的嗎啡被用於製作其他類鴉片藥物，、羥考酮、海洛因，以及美沙冬。本品在美國屬於第二級管制藥品（Schedule II），在英國屬甲級管制藥品（Class A），加拿大則屬第一級管制藥品。中華民國則屬《毒品危害防制條例》明定的第一級毒品，暨《管制藥品管理條例》所規範的第一級管制藥品。嗎啡列名於世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单，為基礎公衛體系的必備藥物之一。

Abstract from DBpedia / Wikipedia · CC BY-SA

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via Wikidata sitelinks · CC0