morphine
Sign in to saveMorphine, formerly known as morphium, is an opiate found naturally in opium, a dark brown resin produced by drying the latex of opium poppies (Papaver somniferum). It is mainly used as an analgesic (pain medication). There are multiple methods used to administer morphine: oral; sublingual; via inhalation; injection into a muscle, injection under the skin, or injection into the spinal cord area; transdermal; intravenously; or via rectal suppository. It acts directly on the central nervous system (CNS) to induce analgesia and alter perception and emotional response to pain. Physical and psycholo
AI overview
Morphine is a naturally occurring pain-relieving drug extracted from opium poppies that works by affecting the central nervous system to reduce pain and change how people perceive it. It can be administered through multiple methods including oral, injection, and transdermal routes, and is primarily used as a pain medication in medical settings.
AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.
Key facts
- Drug.verifiedrevid
- 477170110
- Drug.image
- Morphine2DCSDS.svg
- Drug.image_class
- skin-invert-image
- Drug.width
- 180
- Drug.image2
- Morphine molecule ball.png
- Drug.image_class2
- bg-transparent
- Drug.tradename
- Statex, MS Contin, Kadian, Oramorph, M-ESLON, others
- Drug.MedlinePlus
- a682133
- Drug.DailyMedID
- Morphine
- Drug.pregnancy_AU
- C
- Drug.dependency_liability
- High
- Drug.addiction_liability
- High
- Drug.routes_of_administration
Article
47 sectionsContents
- Medical uses
- Pain
- Shortness of breath
- Opioid use disorder
- Contraindications
- Adverse effects
- Constipation
- Hormone imbalance
- Effects on human performance
- Reinforcement disorders
- Addiction
- Tolerance
- Dependence and withdrawal
- Toxicity
- Pharmacology
- Pharmacodynamics
- Analgesia creation
- Gene expression
- Effects on the immune system
- Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption and metabolism
- Extended-release
- Detection in body fluids
- Chirality and biological activity
- Natural occurrence
- Human biosynthesis
- Biosynthesis in the opium poppy
- Chemistry
- Structure description
- Uses and derivatives
- Chemical salts of Morphine
- Production
- Chemical synthesis
- GMO synthesis
- Research
- Precursor to other opioids
- Pharmaceutical
- Illicit
- History
- Society and culture
- Legal status
- Non-medical use
- Names
- Access in developing countries
- Veterinary use
- References
- External links
Morphine, formerly known as morphium, is an opiate found naturally in opium, a dark brown resin produced by drying the latex of opium poppies (Papaver somniferum). It is mainly used as an analgesic (pain medication). There are multiple methods used to administer morphine: oral; sublingual; via inhalation; injection into a muscle, injection under the skin, or injection into the spinal cord area; transdermal; intravenously; or via rectal suppository. It acts directly on the central nervous system (CNS) to induce analgesia and alter perception and emotional response to pain. Physical and psychological dependence and tolerance may develop with repeated administration. It can be taken for both acute pain and chronic pain and is frequently used for pain from myocardial infarction, kidney stones, and during labor. Its maximum effect is reached after about 20 minutes when administered intravenously and 60 minutes when administered by mouth, while the duration of its effect is 3–7 hours. Long-acting formulations of morphine are sold under the brand names MS Contin and Kadian, among others. Generic long-acting formulations are also available.
Common side effects of morphine include drowsiness, euphoria, nausea, dizziness, sweating, and constipation. Potentially serious side effects of morphine include decreased respiratory effort, vomiting, and low blood pressure. Morphine is highly addictive and prone to abuse. If one's dose is reduced after long-term use, opioid withdrawal symptoms may occur. Caution is advised for the use of morphine during pregnancy or breastfeeding, as it may affect the health of the baby.