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morphine

File:Morphine.svg · Wikimedia Commons · See Wikimedia Commons

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morphine

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Also known as (-)-morphine, (5R,6S,9R,13S,14R)-4,5-epoxy-N-methyl-7-morphinen-3,6-diol, Morphia, morphium, (5alpha,6alpha)-17-methyl-7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxymorphinan-3,6-diol, (5alpha,6alpha)-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6-diol, (5α,6α)-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6-diol, (7R,7AS,12bs)-3-methyl-2,3,4,4a,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methano[1]benzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-7,9-diol

Morphine, formerly known as morphium, is an opiate found naturally in opium, a dark brown resin produced by drying the latex of opium poppies (Papaver somniferum). It is mainly used as an analgesic (pain medication). There are multiple methods used to administer morphine: oral; sublingual; via inhalation; injection into a muscle, injection under the skin, or injection into the spinal cord area; transdermal; intravenously; or via rectal suppository. It acts directly on the central nervous system (CNS) to induce analgesia and alter perception and emotional response to pain. Physical and psycholo

OverviewAI-generated

Morphine is a chemical compound with the formula C₁₇H₁₉NO₃. It was discovered in 1804. The compound has a mass of 285.136 and a melting point of 254. Its defined daily dose is 30.

The IUPAC name for morphine is (4R,4aR,7S,7aR,12bS)-3-methyl-2,4,4a,7,7a,13-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-7,9-diol. It possesses a charge of 0, an xlogp of 0.8, and a tpsa of 52.9. The molecule contains two hydrogen bond donors and four hydrogen bond acceptors.

Synthesized by Vinony from 21 facts across 4 sources: Wikidata, PubChem, PubMed, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Key facts

Drug.verifiedrevid
477170110
Drug.image
Morphine2DCSDS.svg
Drug.image_class
skin-invert-image
Drug.width
180
Drug.image2
Morphine molecule ball.png
Drug.image_class2
bg-transparent
Drug.tradename
Statex, MS Contin, Kadian, Oramorph, M-ESLON, others
Drug.MedlinePlus
a682133
Drug.DailyMedID
Morphine
Drug.pregnancy_AU
C
Drug.dependency_liability
High
Drug.addiction_liability
High
Drug.routes_of_administration
Inhalation, insufflation, by mouth, rectal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, epidural, intrathecal
Drug.class
Opiate
Drug.ATC_prefix
N02
Drug.ATC_suffix
AA01
Drug.legal_AU
S8
Drug.legal_BR
A1

via Wikipedia infobox

Chemical data

Formula
C17H19NO3
Molecular weight
285.34 g/mol
IUPAC name
(4R,4aR,7S,7aR,12bS)-3-methyl-2,4,4a,7,7a,13-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinoline-7,9-diol
SMILES
CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)O)O[C@H]3[C@H](C=C4)O
InChIKey
BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N
XLogP
0.8
Polar surface area
52.9 Ų
H-bond donors
2
H-bond acceptors
4
Formal charge
0

via PubChem

Research

82,258 papers

via PubMed

~62 min read

Encyclopedic overview

47 sections
Contents
  • Medical uses
  • Pain
  • Shortness of breath
  • Opioid use disorder
  • Contraindications
  • Adverse effects
  • Constipation
  • Hormone imbalance
  • Effects on human performance
  • Reinforcement disorders
  • Addiction
  • Tolerance
  • Dependence and withdrawal
  • Toxicity
  • Pharmacology
  • Pharmacodynamics
  • Analgesia creation
  • Gene expression
  • Effects on the immune system
  • Pharmacokinetics
  • Absorption and metabolism
  • Extended-release
  • Detection in body fluids
  • Chirality and biological activity
  • Natural occurrence
  • Human biosynthesis
  • Biosynthesis in the opium poppy
  • Chemistry
  • Structure description
  • Uses and derivatives
  • Chemical salts of Morphine
  • Production
  • Chemical synthesis
  • GMO synthesis
  • Research
  • Precursor to other opioids
  • Pharmaceutical
  • Illicit
  • History
  • Society and culture
  • Legal status
  • Non-medical use
  • Names
  • Access in developing countries
  • Veterinary use
  • References
  • External links

Morphine, formerly known as morphium, is an opiate found naturally in opium, a dark brown resin produced by drying the latex of opium poppies (Papaver somniferum). It is mainly used as an analgesic (pain medication). There are multiple methods used to administer morphine: oral; sublingual; via inhalation; injection into a muscle, injection under the skin, or injection into the spinal cord area; transdermal; intravenously; or via rectal suppository. It acts directly on the central nervous system (CNS) to induce analgesia and alter perception and emotional response to pain. Physical and psychological dependence and tolerance may develop with repeated administration. It can be taken for both acute pain and chronic pain and is frequently used for pain from myocardial infarction, kidney stones, and during labor. Its maximum effect is reached after about 20 minutes when administered intravenously and 60 minutes when administered by mouth, while the duration of its effect is 3–7 hours. Long-acting formulations of morphine are sold under the brand names MS Contin and Kadian, among others. Generic long-acting formulations are also available.

Common side effects of morphine include drowsiness, euphoria, nausea, dizziness, sweating, and constipation. Potentially serious side effects of morphine include decreased respiratory effort, vomiting, and low blood pressure. Morphine is highly addictive and prone to abuse. If one's dose is reduced after long-term use, opioid withdrawal symptoms may occur. Caution is advised for the use of morphine during pregnancy or breastfeeding, as it may affect the health of the baby.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “morphine” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.

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