PLCG1

Phospholipase C, gamma 1, also known as PLCG1 and PLCgamma1, is a protein that in humans involved in cell growth, migration, apoptosis, and proliferation. It is encoded by the PLCG1 gene and is part of the PLC superfamily.

== Function == PLCγ1 is a cell growth factor from the PLC superfamily. PLCγ1 is used during cell growth and in cell migration and apoptosis, all of which are vital cell processes that, if disrupted by mutations, can cause cancerous cells to form within the body. Mutations in this protein show an increase in issues in cells regarding regulation of proliferation and their cell signaling. PLCγ1 roles are also involved in neuronal actin growth, calcium signaling, and brain development. It is highly regulated by multiple factors, such as PIK3, AMPK, and FAK. It is part of the PIP3 pathway and leads to and increase in calcium in the cells. In neuronal cells, PLCγ1 is highly involved in actin cytoskeleton organization and synaptic plasticity. The basic PLCγ1 pathway, as scientists currently understand it, is seen below. center|thumb|506x506px|PLCG1 Pathway The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG) from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. This reaction uses calcium as a cofactor and plays an important role in the intracellular transduction of receptor-mediated tyrosine kinase activators. For example, when activated by SRC, the encoded protein causes the Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor RASGRP1 to translocate to the Golgi apparatus, where it activates Ras. Also, this protein has been shown to be a major substrate for heparin-binding growth factor 1 (acidic fibroblast growth factor)-activated tyrosine kinase. The receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPmu (PTPRM) is capable of dephosphorylating PLCG1. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.