SUCNR1

Succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1), previously named G protein-coupled receptor 91 (GPR91), is a receptor that is activated by succinate, i.e., the anionic form of the dicarboxylic acid, succinic acid. Succinate and succinic acid readily convert into each other by gaining (succinate) or losing (succinic acid) protons, i.e., H+ (see Ions). Succinate is by far the predominant form of this interconversion in living organisms. Succinate is one of the intermediate metabolites in the citric acid cycle (also termed the TCA cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle). This cycle is a metabolic pathway that operates in the mitochondria of virtually all eucaryotic cells. It consists of a series of biochemical reactions that serve the vital function of releasing the energy stored in nutrient carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Recent studies have found that some of the metabolites in this cycle are able to regulate various physiological and pathological functions in a wide range of cell types. The succinyl CoA in this cycle may release its bound succinate; succinate is one of these mitochondrial-formed bioactive metabolites.

SUCNR1 is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPR). GPRs are cell surface receptors that bind any one of a specific set of ligands which they recognize and thereby are activated to elicit certain types of responses in their parent cells. The human SUCNR1 protein is encoded (i.e. its synthesis is directed) by the SUCNR1 gene. This gene is located at band position 25.1 on the long (i.e., "q") arm of human chromosome 3 (gene location notated as 3q25.1). Most studies have reported that the SUCNR1 protein consists of 330 amino acids although a few studies have detected a 334 amino acid product of this gene.