ammonia
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61 sectionsContents
- Etymology
- Natural occurrence (abiological)
- Atmospheric occurrence
- Reactions of atmospheric ammonia
- Properties
- Solid
- Liquid
- Solvent properties <span class="anchor" id="Solvent"></span>
- Redox properties of liquid ammonia
- Structure
- Basicity
- Self-dissociation
- Combustion
- Precursor to organonitrogen compounds
- Precursor to inorganic nitrogenous compounds
- Reactions relevant to ammonia detection
- History
- Applications
- Fertilizer
- Refrigeration–R717
- Antimicrobial agent for food products
- Fuel
- Ships and maritime transport
- Vehicles, aviation and space
- Power stations
- Other
- Remediation of gaseous emissions
- Stimulant
- Textile
- Lifting gas
- Fuming
- Cleaning agent
- Safety
- Toxicity
- Coking wastewater
- Aquaculture
- Storage information
- Laboratory
- Laboratory use of anhydrous ammonia (gas or liquid)
- Production
- Haber–Bosch
- Electrochemical
- Biochemistry and medicine
- Biosynthesis
- Physiology
- Excretion
- Extraterrestrial occurrence
- Interstellar space
- Interstellar formation mechanisms
- Interstellar destruction mechanisms
- Single antenna detections
- Interferometric studies
- Infrared detections
- Observations of nearby dark clouds
- UC HII regions
- Extragalactic detection
- See also
- References
- Works cited
- Further reading
- External links
Ammonia is an inorganic chemical compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula . A stable binary hydride and the simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia is a colourless gas with a distinctive pungent smell. It is widely used in fertilizers, refrigerants, explosives, cleaning agents, and is a precursor for numerous chemicals. Biologically, it is a common nitrogenous waste, and it contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to fertilisers. Around 70% of ammonia produced industrially is used to make fertilisers in various forms and composition, such as urea and diammonium phosphate. Ammonia in pure form is also applied directly into the soil.
Ammonia, either directly or indirectly, is also a building block for the synthesis of many chemicals. In many countries, it is classified as an extremely hazardous substance. Ammonia is toxic, causing damage to cells and tissues. For this reason it is excreted by most animals in the urine, in the form of dissolved urea.