The fishing cat is a wild cat species that lives in wetland areas of Asia and has adapted to hunt in water and marshy environments. It matters because it depends on healthy wetlands for survival, making it an important indicator of the health of these ecosystems.
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Species
漁貓(学名:Prionailurus viverrinus、 fishing cat )[3]是一种中等体型的猫科动物,主要分布於中南半岛、印度、巴基斯坦、斯里兰卡、蘇門答臘和爪哇岛,一般生活于林区的灌丛地带、沿河的芦苇丛以及热带海岸的常绿林。该物种的模式产地在印度[2]。 漁貓学名的种加词“viverrinus”意为“灵猫”,这源於其外表与灵猫有些许相似。 目录 1 分类 2 特征 3 生态习性 3.1 栖息地 3.2 食性 3.3 行为 3.4 繁育 4 保护现状 5 参考文献 6 外部链接 分类 Prionailurus viverrinus viverrinus:指名亚种,分布在蘇門答臘、东南亚及印度。 Prionailurus viverrinus risophores:分布在爪哇岛和巴厘岛。 特征 漁貓全身棕灰或橄榄灰色,躯体分布有稀疏的棕黑色斑纹[4],头顶至颈後排列有平行的棕黑色带纹,脸部最明显的特征是其扁平的鼻子。尾短粗,长度一般为躯体的一半至1/3[4],躯体强壮,下颚和脖子粗壮,齿较小[5],腿短,小耳白色,耳边缘有黑色环。爪有力,趾间具半蹼,向前伸直,且不能完全缩回,这是由於其爪鞘较短。其爪是区别於其他猫科动物的显著特征之一。 渔猫体长65-85 cm,体重6-14 kg[4][6]。其体型在不同地区的大小均有差异:印度渔猫体长80 cm,尾长30 cm;而印尼渔猫体长仅有65 cm,尾长25 cm。印度渔猫个体重量可达到11.7 kg,而印尼渔猫的一般重量为6 kg。雌性渔猫体型明显小於雄性渔猫[6]。 生态习性 栖息地 如其近亲豹猫一样,渔猫居住於海拔1500米以下[6]的河流、溪流、芦苇湿地及红树林湿地等淡水资源丰富区域。渔猫对其栖息地具有良好的适应性,极擅长游泳和潜水。 食性 渔猫一名反映了其主要猎物之一是鱼类,包括大概10种,不过其近亲扁头猫(Prionailurus planiceps)对鱼类的需求比其更甚;同时它也会捕食其他水生生物,包括蛙类、淡水龙虾、螃蟹、甲壳类和软体动物等,以及陆地生物,包括啮齿类、鸟类、小牛、山羊、狗以及大型动物的尸体等[6]。其趾间半蹼有助於渔猫在半水生环境,如沼泽与水流中产生更大的附着摩擦力,使其行动更自如。 行为 与大部分猫科动物一样,渔猫喜夜行。其生性凶猛,敢於攻击体型比自己大的动物,不易人工驯养,野性难以磨灭;而要是驯养则需精心呵护。其捕鱼时动作迅速,在猎物靠近时可即刻将猎物从水中抛出至岸上。 繁育 渔猫一年四季都能繁殖,不过在印度东北部,繁殖期是3-6月的春夏之际,而高峰期是3月和5月。渔猫会将巢穴建在芦苇丛中。春季发情交配,妊娠期63-70日,一次产1-4崽。幼崽出生时双眼紧闭,约16日後睁开眼睛[5],一个多月大时可以离巢,53日後能够吃固体食物,如肉类,但直到4-6个月大时才会断
via IUCN
The fishing cat (Prionailurus viverrinus) is a medium-sized wild cat of South and Southeast Asia. It has a deep yellowish-grey fur with black lines and spots. Adults have a head-to-body length of 57 to 78 cm (22 to 31 in), with a 20 to 30 cm (8 to 12 in) long tail. Males are larger than females, weighing 8 to 17 kg (18 to 37 lb), while females average 5 to 9 kg (11 to 20 lb). It lives mostly in the vicinity of wetlands, along rivers, streams, oxbow lakes, in swamps and mangroves where it preys mostly on fish. Other prey items include birds, insects, small rodents, molluscs, reptiles including snakes, amphibians and carrion of cattle. The fishing cat is thought to be primarily nocturnal. It is a good swimmer and can swim long distances, even underwater.
The fishing cat has been listed as a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List since 2016, as the global population is thought to have declined by about 30% in the past three fishing cat generations during the period 2010–2015. The destruction of wetlands and killing by local people are the major threats throughout its range.
via Wikidata · CC0
Discovered by embedding cosine similarity (sentence-transformers MiniLM, 384-dim).