einsteinium

Also known as 99Es, Es, element 99

Einsteinium is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Es and atomic number 99 and is a member of the actinide series and the seventh transuranium element.

OverviewAI-generated

Einsteinium is a chemical element with the symbol Es and atomic number 99. Its chemical formula is Es, and it is represented by the Unicode character 鑀. The canonical SMILES notation for the element is [Es].

The element was discovered in 1952. It has an electronegativity of 1.3 and a molecular weight of 252.0830. According to IUPAC nomenclature, the name is einsteinium. The substance has a charge of 0, with zero hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, and a topological polar surface area of 0.

Synthesized by Vinony from 21 facts across 4 sources: Wikidata, PubChem, PubMed, Vinony graph. Generated from structured data (not the Wikipedia text) and checked against those facts — may still contain errors.

Chemical data

Formula: Es
Molecular weight: 252.083 g/mol
IUPAC name: einsteinium
SMILES: [Es]
InChIKey: CKBRQZNRCSJHFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Polar surface area: 0 Å²
H-bond donors: 0
H-bond acceptors: 0
Formal charge: 0

via PubChem

Research

29 papers

The blue hue of einsteinium.Nature chemistry · 2021Natrajan LS, Faulkner SDOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00693-3
Einsteinium declassified.Nature chemistry · 2016Redfern JDOI: 10.1038/nchem.2676
Mysterious einsteinium spills its secrets.Nature · 2021Bundell S, Petrić Howe NDOI: 10.1038/d41586-021-00306-6
Structural and spectroscopic characterization of an einsteinium complex.Nature · 2021Carter KP, Shield KM, Smith KF et al.DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03179-3
Daily briefing: Einsteinium illuminates the edge of the periodic table.Nature · 2021Graham FDOI: 10.1038/d41586-021-00344-0
Publisher Correction: The blue hue of einsteinium.Nature chemistry · 2021Natrajan LS, Faulkner SDOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00743-w
Extending deterministic transport capabilities for very-high and ultra-high energy electron beams.Scientific reports · 2024Naceur A, Bienvenue C, Romano P et al.DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51143-8
Feasibility of a multigroup Boltzmann-Fokker-Planck solution for electron beam dose calculations.Scientific reports · 2023Naceur A, Hébert A, Romano P et al.DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27376-y

via PubMed

~30 min read

Encyclopedic overview

21 sections

Contents

History
Characteristics
Physical
Chemical
Isotopes
Nuclear fission
Natural occurrence
Synthesis and extraction
Laboratory synthesis
Synthesis in nuclear explosions
Separation
Preparation of the metal
Chemical compounds
Oxides
Halides
Organoeinsteinium compounds
Applications
Safety
References
Bibliography
External links

Einsteinium is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Es and atomic number 99 and is a member of the actinide series and the seventh transuranium element.

Einsteinium was discovered as a component of the debris of the first hydrogen bomb explosion in 1952. Its most common isotope, einsteinium-253 (Es; half-life 20.47 days), is produced artificially from decay of californium-253 in a few dedicated high-power nuclear reactors with a total yield on the order of one milligram per year. The reactor synthesis is followed by a complex process of separating einsteinium-253 from other actinides and products of their decay. Other isotopes are synthesized in various laboratories, but in much smaller amounts, by bombarding heavy actinide elements with light ions. Due to the small amounts of einsteinium produced and the short half-life of its most common isotope, there are no practical applications for it except basic scientific research. In particular, einsteinium was used to synthesize, for the first time, 17 atoms of the new element mendelevium in 1955.

Excerpted from Wikipedia’s “einsteinium” article, available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 licence.