DExD/H-box helicase 58

Also known as antiviral innate immune response receptor RIG-I, RIG-I, RIG-I-like receptor 1, RNA helicase RIG-I, DEAD box protein 58, retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 protein, DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58, probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX58

RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene I) is a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that can mediate induction of a type-I interferon (IFN1) response. RIG-I is an essential molecule in the innate immune system for recognizing cells that have been infected with a virus. These viruses can include West Nile virus, Japanese Encephalitis virus, influenza A, Sendai virus, flavivirus, and coronaviruses.

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Image: Protein DDX58 PDB 2QFB.png

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Article

10 sections

Contents

Structure
Functions
As a pattern recognition receptor
Pattern recognition receptors
RIG-I PAMPs
Type-1 interferon pathway
In cancer cells
Identification and naming
References
Further reading

RIG-I is an ATP-dependent DExD/H box RNA helicase that is activated by immunostimulatory RNAs from viruses as well as RNAs of other origins. RIG-I recognizes short double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in the cytosol with a 5' tri- or di-phosphate end or a 5' 7-methyl guanosine (m7G) cap (cap-0), but not RNA with a 5' m7G cap having a ribose 2′-O-methyl modification (cap-1). These are often generated during a viral infection but can also be host-derived. Once activated by the dsRNA, the N-terminus caspase activation and recruitment domains (CARDs) migrate and bind with CARDs attached to mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) to activate the signaling pathway for IFN1.