1-Piperidinyl compounds

Minoxidil, sold under the brand names Loniten and Rogaine among others, is a medication used for the treatment of high blood pressure and pattern hair loss. It is an antihypertensive and a vasodilator. It is available as a generic medication by prescription in oral tablet form and over-the-counter as a topical liquid or foam.

Piperine is an alkaloid extracted from the plant, Piper nigrum. Responsible for the pungency of black pepper, it is used in food flavorings as a spice, in fragrances, as an insecticide, and as an animal pest repellent.

Biperiden, sold under the brand name Akineton among others, is a medication used to treat Parkinson disease, certain drug-induced movement disorders and Tourette Syndrome. It is not recommended for tardive dyskinesias. It is taken by mouth, injection into a vein, or muscle.

Raloxifene, sold under the brand name Evista among others, is a medication used to prevent and treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and those on glucocorticoids. For osteoporosis it is less preferred than bisphosphonates. It is also used to reduce the risk of breast cancer in those at high risk. It is taken by mouth.

Dipyridamole, sold under the brand name Persantine among others, is an antiplatelet drug of the nucleoside transport inhibitor and PDE3 inhibitor class that inhibits blood clot formation when given chronically and causes blood vessel dilation when given at high doses over a short time.

Repaglinide is an antidiabetic drug in the class of medications known as meglitinides, and was invented in 1983. Repaglinide is a medication used in addition to diet and exercise for blood sugar control in type 2 diabetes. The mechanism of action of repaglinide involves promoting insulin release from β-islet cells of the pancreas; like other antidiabetic drugs, a main side effect concern is hypoglycemia. It is sold by Novo Nordisk under the name of Prandin in the United States, Gluconorm in Canada, Surepost in Japan, Repaglinide in Egypt, and Novonorm elsewhere. In Japan it is produced by Dain

Trihexyphenidyl (THP, benzhexol, trihex, marketed as Artane and others) is an antispasmodic drug used to treat stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control. It is an agent of the antimuscarinic class and is often used in management of Parkinson's disease. It was approved by the FDA for the treatment of Parkinson's in the US in 1949.

Rimonabant (also known as SR141716; trade names Acomplia, Zimulti) is an anorectic antiobesity drug approved in Europe in 2006 but was withdrawn worldwide in 2008 due to serious neurological and psychiatric side effects; it was never approved in the United States. Rimonabant is an inverse agonist for the cannabinoid receptor CB1 and was first-in-class.

Flavoxate is an anticholinergic with antimuscarinic effects. Its muscle relaxant properties may be due to a direct action on the smooth muscle rather than by antagonizing muscarinic receptors.

Dyclonine (Dyclocaine) is an oral anaesthetic that is the active ingredient of Sucrets, an over-the-counter throat lozenge. It is also found in some varieties of the Cepacol sore throat spray. It is a local anesthetic, used topically as the hydrochloride salt.

Pitolisant, sold under the brand name Wakix among others, is a medication used for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in adults with narcolepsy. It is an inverse agonist of the histamine H3 receptor. It represents the first commercially available medication in its class, so that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) declares it a first-in-class medication. Pitolisant enhances the activity of histaminergic neurons in the brain that function to improve a person's wakefulness. It was approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in March 2016 for narcolepsy with or without cata

Tolperisone (trade name Mydocalm among others) is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant used for the treatment of increased muscle tone associated with neurological diseases. It has been used since the 1960s.

Dipipanone, sold under the brand names of Pipadone and Diconal is a strong opioid analgesic drug, used for acute pain by mouth (PO) for adults. It is often used in instances where morphine is indicated but cannot be used due to the patient being allergic to morphine. In analgesic potency 25 mg dipipanone is approximately equivalent to 10 mg morphine.

Eperisone (formulated as the eperisone hydrochloride salt) is an antispasmodic drug.

4-Phenyl-4-(1-piperidinyl)cyclohexanol, also known as PPC, is an organic chemical which is a metabolite of phencyclidine (PCP). It can be detected in the hair of PCP users.

Dacomitinib, sold under the brand name Vizimpro, is a medication for the treatment of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). It is a selective and irreversible inhibitor of EGFR.

Cloperastine (INN) or cloperastin, in the forms of cloperastine hydrochloride (JAN) (brand names Hustazol, Nitossil, Seki) and cloperastine fendizoate, is an antitussive and antihistamine that is marketed as a cough suppressant in Japan, Hong Kong, Brazil and in some European countries. It was first introduced in 1972 in Japan, and then in Italy in 1981.

4-Methoxyphencyclidine (methoxydine, 4-MeO-PCP) is a dissociative anesthetic drug that has been sold online as a research chemical. The synthesis of 4-MeO-PCP was first reported in 1965 by the Parke-Davis medicinal chemist Victor Maddox. A 1999 review published by a chemist using the pseudonym John Q. Beagle suggested the potency of 4-MeO-PCP in man was reduced relative to PCP, two years later Beagle published a detailed description of the synthesis and qualitative effects of 4-MeO-PCP, which he said possessed 70% the potency of PCP. 4-MeO-PCP was the first arylcyclohexylamine research chemica

Cipemastat (rINN, also known as Ro 32-3555 and by the tentative trade name Trocade) is a selective inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 that has been investigated as an anti-arthritis agent. It is being developed by Roche.

Diphenidine (1,2-DEP, DPD, DND) is a dissociative anesthetic that has been sold as a designer drug. Diphenidine was first synthesized in 1924 using a Bruylants reaction similar to the one later employed in the discovery of phencyclidine in 1956. Following the 2013 UK ban on arylcyclohexylamines, diphenidine and the related compound methoxphenidine emerged on the grey market. Anecdotal reports indicate that high doses of diphenidine can produce "bizarre somatosensory phenomena and transient anterograde amnesia."

Pridinol, sold under the brand name Myopridin, is a muscle relaxant, anticholinergic and antiparkinsonian drug. It has also been evaluated for the treatment of muscle related pain.

Lafutidine (INN) is a second generation histamine H2 receptor antagonist having multimodal mechanism of action and used to treat gastrointestinal disorders. It is marketed in South Korea, Japan and India.

Fasoracetam () is an experimental drug of the racetam group which was never marketed. It is a putative nootropic that failed to show sufficient efficacy in clinical trials for vascular dementia. The drug was also subsequently repurposed for treatment of a variety of other conditions, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but effectiveness for ADHD was disappointing and development of fasoracetam for most other conditions has been discontinued as well. In any case, it remains under development for treatment of DiGeorge syndrome. In addition to its clinical development, fasora

3-Methoxyphencyclidine (3-MeO-PCP) is a dissociative hallucinogen of the arylcyclohexylamine class related to phencyclidine (PCP) which has been sold online as a designer drug. It has been used across Europe and the United States. In some cases, consumption has been known to be fatal. It acts mainly as an NMDA receptor antagonist, though it has also been found to interact with the sigma σ receptor and the serotonin transporter. The drug does not possess any opioid activity nor does it act as a dopamine reuptake inhibitor.

Etozolin (also known as Diulozin, Elkapin, or Etopinil) is a loop diuretic used in Europe. It is believed to be discontinued.

Propiram (Algeril, Dirame, Bay 4503) is a partial μ-opioid receptor agonist and weak μ antagonist analgesic from the ampromide family of drugs related to other drugs such as phenampromide and diampromide. It was invented in 1963 in the United Kingdom by Bayer but was not widely marketed, although it saw some limited clinical use, especially in dentistry. Propiram reached Phase III clinical trials in the United States and Canada.

Benproperine (INN) is a cough suppressant. It has been marketed in multiple countries in Central America and Europe, as the phosphate or pamoate salts in either tablet, dragée, or syrup form. Trade names include Blascorid in Italy and Sweden, Pectipront and Tussafug in Germany, and Pirexyl in Scandinavia. The recommended dosage for adults is 25 to 50 mg two to four times daily, and for children 25 mg once or twice daily. Adverse effects include dry mouth, dizziness, fatigue, and heartburn.

'''N-Formylpiperidine''' is an organic compound with the formula C6H11NO. It is the amide of formic acid and piperidine. It can be used as a polar aprotic solvent, with better hydrocarbon solubility than other amide solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF). It has also been used to transfer the formyl group to a Grignard reagent:

Surinabant (SR147778) is a cannabinoid receptor type 1 antagonist developed by Sanofi-Aventis. It is being investigated as a potential treatment for nicotine addiction, to assist smoking cessation. It may also be developed as an anorectic drug to assist with weight loss, however there are already several CB1 antagonists or inverse agonists on the market or under development for this application, so surinabant is at present mainly being developed as an anti-smoking drug, with possible application in the treatment of other addictive disorders such as alcoholism. Other potential applications such

Prenoxdiazine (marketed as Libexin) is a cough suppressant. It acts peripherally by desensitizing the pulmonary stretch receptors. Therefore, there's a reduction of cough impulses originating in the lungs. Prenoxdiazine is indicated in cough of bronchial origin.

Tenocyclidine (TCP) is a dissociative anesthetic with psychostimulant effects. It was discovered by a team at Parke-Davis in the late 1950s. It is similar in effects to phencyclidine (PCP) but is considerably more potent. TCP has slightly different binding properties to PCP, with more affinity for the NMDA receptors, but less affinity for the sigma receptors. Because of its high affinity for the PCP site of the NMDA receptor complex, the 3H radiolabelled form of TCP is widely used in research into NMDA receptors.

Piperoxan, also known as benodaine, was the first antihistamine to be discovered. This compound, derived from benzodioxan, was prepared in the early 1930s by Daniel Bovet and Ernest Fourneau at the Pasteur Institute in France. Formerly investigated by Fourneau as an α-adrenergic-blocking agent, they demonstrated that it also antagonized histamine-induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs, and published their findings in 1933. Bovet went on to win the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his contribution. One of Bovet and Fourneau's students, Anne-Marie Staub, published the first structure–

Lavoltidine (INN, USAN, BAN; previously known as loxtidine; development code AH-23,844) is a highly potent and selective H2 receptor antagonist which was under development by Glaxo Wellcome (now GlaxoSmithKline) as a treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease but was discontinued due to the discovery that it produced gastric carcinoid tumors in rodents.

Cycrimine (trade name Pagitane) is an anticholinergic drug used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. It is an antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1.

Norpipanone (INN, BAN; Hexalgon) is an opioid analgesic related to methadone which was developed in Germany and distributed in Hungary, Argentina, and other countries. It had originally not been under international control but upon observation of case reports of addiction it was reviewed and shortly thereafter became a controlled substance. In the United States, it is a Schedule I controlled substance (ACSCN 9636, zero annual manufacturing quota as of 2014). The salts in use are the hydrobromide (free base conversion ratio 0.806) and hydrochloride (0.902).

Fenpiprane is a drug used for the management of functional gastrointestinal disorders.

chemical compound

Arzoxifene (; developmental code name LY-353381) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) of the benzothiophene group which was never marketed. It is a potent estrogen antagonist in mammary and uterine tissue while acting as an estrogen agonist to maintain bone density and lower serum cholesterol. Arzoxifene is a highly effective agent for prevention of mammary cancer induced in the rat by the carcinogen nitrosomethylurea and is significantly more potent than raloxifene in this regard. Arzoxifene is devoid of the uterotrophic effects of tamoxifen, suggesting that, in contrast to tamox

pharmaceutical drug

Dihexyverine is an anticholinergic spasmolytic. It is not approved for use in the United States but is sold in France under the trade name Spasmodex.

Nepinalone is a cough suppressant. Its brand names include Placatus, Tussolvina, and Nepitus.

right|thumb|250px|class=skin-invert-image|Metaphit as a methanesulfonate salt

Diphepanol is a cough suppressant (antitussive).

Ozolinone is a loop diuretic which was never marketed.

Hesperadin is an aurora kinase inhibitor.

CX-546 is an ampakine drug developed by Cortex Pharmaceuticals.

3-Hydroxyphencyclidine (3-HO-PCP) is a dissociative of the arylcyclohexylamine class related to phencyclidine (PCP) that has been sold online as a designer drug.

Pitofenone is an antispasmodic.

Arimoclomol, sold under the brand name Miplyffa, is a medication used for the treatment of Niemann–Pick disease type C. It is taken by mouth.

Nabitan (nabutam, benzopyranoperidine, SP-106, Abbott 40656) is a synthetic cannabinoid analog of dronabinol (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) and dimethylheptylpyran. It exhibits antiemetic and analgesic effects, most likely by binding to and activating the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, and reduced intraocular pressure in animal tests, making it potentially useful in the treatment of glaucoma.

Benocyclidine, also known as benzothiophenylcyclohexylpiperidine (BTCP), is a psychoactive recreational drug of the arylcyclohexylamine class which is related to phencyclidine (PCP). It was first described in a patent application naming Marc Caron and colleagues at Duke University in 1997.

chemical compound

Pipazetate () (brand names Dipect, Lenopect, Selvigon, Theratuss, Toraxan), or pipazethate (), is a 1-azaphenothiazine drug that was briefly marketed as a cough suppressant. It binds to the sigma-1 receptor with an IC50 value of 190 nM. It also has local anesthetic action, and in large doses can produce seizures.

Phenampromide is an opioid analgesic from the ampromide family of drugs, related to other drugs such as propiram and diampromide. It was invented in the 1960s by American Cyanamid Co. Although never given a general release, it was research found that 60 mg of phenampromide is equivalent to about 50 mg of codeine. Tests on its two enantiomers showed that all of the analgesic effects were caused by the (S)-isomer. Introduction of a phenyl group to the 4-position of the piperidine-ring produces a drug 60-fold more potent than morphine. The most potent reported derivative is 4-hydroxy-4-phenyl phe

Gacyclidine (GK-11, OTO-313) is a psychoactive drug which acts as a dissociative via functioning as a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist. It is closely related to phencyclidine (PCP), and specifically, is a derivative of tenocyclidine (TCP). Gacyclidine exhibits neuroprotective effects similar to those of other NMDA receptor antagonists, with the advantage of being substantially less neurotoxic maybe due to its interaction with "non-NMDA" binding sites.

Methoxphenidine (methoxydiphenidine, 2-MeO-Diphenidine, MXP) is a dissociative of the diarylethylamine class that has been sold online as a designer drug. Methoxphenidine was first reported in a 1989 patent where it was tested as a treatment for neurotoxic injury. Shortly after the 2013 UK ban on arylcyclohexylamines methoxphenidine and the related compound diphenidine became available on the gray market, where it has been encountered as a powder and in tablet form. Though diphenidine possesses higher affinity for the NMDA receptor, anecdotal reports suggest methoxphenidine has greater oral po

CX-516 is an ampakine and nootropic that acts as an AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulator and had been undergoing development by a collaboration between Cortex, Shire, and Servier. It was studied as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease under the brand name Ampalex, and was also being examined as a treatment for ADHD.

Zolantidine is a brain-penetrating selective histamine H2 receptor (HRH2) antagonist developed by Smith, Kline & French, with the research code of SK&F 95282. It is a benzothiazole derivative with a 30-fold higher potency for H2 receptors than other peripheral and central receptors.